صنعت لاستیک ایران

صنعت لاستیک ایران

آنالیز نانو کامپوزیت های اپوکسی تقویت شده با نانو ذرات گرافن اکساید اصلاح شده: پیشرفت های جدید در مورفولوژی، خواص مکانیکی ، پایداری گرمایی و رفتار تخریب گرمایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، صندوق پستی 73441 - ۸۱۷۴۶، اصفهان، ایران
2 گروه صنایع شیمیایی ، دانشگاه ملی مهارت، تهران، ایران
10.22034/irm.2026.540263.1325
چکیده
رزین‌های اپوکسی به عنوان پلیمرهای گرماسخت، به‌دلیل ویژگی‌هایی همچون استحکام بالا، چسبندگی مناسب و مقاومت شیمیایی، در صنایع مختلف از جمله خودروسازی، الکترونیک و ساختمان‌سازی کاربرد گسترده‌ای دارند. با این حال، شکنندگی ذاتی آن‌ها، به‌ویژه تحت تنش‌های مکانیکی، محدودیتی در عملکرد این مواد ایجاد می‌کند. در سال‌های اخیر، استفاده از نانوذرات به‌ویژه نانوذرات گرافن اکساید (GO) به‌منظور بهبود خواص مکانیکی و حرارتی این رزین‌ها مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر نانوذرات گرافن اکساید اصلاح‌شده با پلیمرهایی مانند پلی‌اتیلن گلیکول، پلی‌وینیل پیرولیدون و عوامل عامل‌دارکننده حاوی گروه‌های آمینی، سیلانی، فسفردار و نیتروژنه بر خواص رزین اپوکسی می‌پردازد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که اصلاح سطح نانوذرات منجر به بهبود پراکنش، کاهش کلوخه‌ای شدن، افزایش چقرمگی، تقویت مدول الاستیک و افزایش استحکام خمشی نانوکامپوزیت‌های اپوکسی می‌شود. همچنین مشخص شد که وجود برهم‌کنش‌های قوی بین نانوذرات و زنجیره‌های پلیمری، نقش کلیدی در جلوگیری از رشد ترک و افزایش دوام حرارتی ایفا می‌کند. با این حال، افزایش بیش از حد غلظت نانوذرات می‌تواند موجب تجمع ذرات و تضعیف خواص شود. در نهایت، مروری بر تازه‌ترین دستاوردها و پیشرفت‌های تحقیقاتی در زمینه نانوکامپوزیت‌های اپوکسی تقویت‌شده با گرافن اکساید اصلاح‌شده، پتانسیل بالای این مواد را در کاربردهای صنعتی و مهندسی نوید می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

[1] Karami, M. H., Kalaee, M. R. (2022). Investigation of curing kinetics modeling of epoxy nanocomposites in the presence of nano graphene oxide: A review study. Iranian Chemical Engineering Journal, 21(124), 71-83.
 [2] ehdizadeh, H., & Moradi, G. R. (2024). Investigation and Optimization of Effective Parameters in the Process of Desalination of Crude Oil by Electrostatic Method. Iranian Chemical Engineering Journal, 23(136), 22–34
[3] Abbasi, H., Hashemizadeh, A., Navaie, F. (2023). Evaluation of the efficiency of polymers, polymeric nanoparticles, and surfactant additives in improving the rheology and loss control of drilling fluids: A review. Iranian Chemical Engineering Journal, 22(129), 7-25.
 [4] Mousavi, S. A., Khademzadeh Yeganeh, J. (2023). Effect of nanoclay and its hybrid with carbon black on physical and mechanical properties of styrene-butadiene rubber. Iranian Chemical Engineering Journal, 22(126), 66-81.
 [5] Masoudi, M., Salem, S. (2025). Simultaneous removal of chromium (VI) and methylene blue by nano titanium dioxide/graphene oxide/carbon nanotube photocatalyst and P25. Iranian Chemical Engineering Journal, 23(137), 75-87.
 [6] Karami, M. H., Moeini Jazni, O., & Bagheri, A. (2025). Epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with metal-organic framework nanoparticles: Study and analysis of morphology, mechanical properties, and thermal degradation. Iran Polymer Technology, Research and Development, 9(4),51-64.
[7] Karthik, A., Bhuvaneshwaran, M., Senthil Kumar, M. S., Palanisamy, S., Palaniappan, M., & Ayrilmis, N. (2024). A review on surface modification of plant fibers for enhancing properties of biocomposites. ChemistrySelect, 9(21), e202400650.
 [8] Kini, A. U., Shettar, M., Gowrishankar, M. C., & Sharma, S. (2023). A technical review on epoxy-nanoclay nanocomposites: Mechanical, hygrothermal and wear properties. Cogent Engineering, 10(2),1-21.
  [9] Xu, J., Jia, L., Lan, Q., & Wu, D. (2024). Enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of cardanol epoxy/clay-based nanocomposite through Girard’s reagent. Polymers, 16(11), 1528.
[10] Nasution, D. Y., & Delfis, M. (2024). Effect of clay composition and human haircut waste on mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites. Journal of Chemical Natural Resources, 6(1), 45-54.
  [11]Zaccone, M., Kociolek, I., Frache, A., Bellini, C., Di Cocco, V., & Monti, M. (2023). Abrasion resistance of a carbon fiber reinforced composite based on a nanoclay epoxy nanocomposite matrix. Polymer Composites, 45(4), 2919-2926.
[12] Örçen, G., & Bayram, D. (2024). Effect of nanoclay on the mechanical and thermal properties of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. Journal of Materials Science, 59, 3467–3487.
  [13] Naik, N., Bhat, R., Shivamurthy, B., Thimmappa, B. H. S., Shetty, N., & Kaushik, Y. (2023). Biodegradability of Musa acuminata (banana)-fiber-reinforced bio-based epoxy composites: The influence of montmorillonite clay. Engineering Proceedings, 59, 6.
 [14] Ramakrishnan, S., Krishnamurthy, K., Rajasekar, R., & Rajeshkumar, G. (2019). An experimental study on the effect of nano-clay addition on mechanical and water absorption behaviour of jute fibre reinforced epoxy composites. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 49(5), 597–620.
 [15] Ng, L. F., Yahya, M. Y., & Muthukumar, C. (2022). Mechanical characterization and water absorption behaviors of pineapple leaf/glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites. Polymer Composites, 43(1), 203–214.
 [16] Khorshidi, G. H., Zhang, C., & Najafi, E. (2023). Fresh, mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated composites incorporating nanomaterials: A comprehensive review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 384, 135390.
 [17] Shi, M., Zhu, H., Chen, C., Jiang, J., Zhao, L., & Yan, C. (2023). Synergistically coupling of graphene quantum dots with Zn-intercalated MnO2 cathode for high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries. International Journal of Mineral Metallurgy and Materials, 30, 25–32.
[18] Merzah, Z. F., Fakhry, S., Allami, T. G., Yuhana, N. Y., & Alamiery, A. (2022). Enhancement of the properties of hybridizing epoxy and nanoclay for mechanical, industrial, and biomedical applications. Polymers, 14(3), 526.
 [19] Ramakrishnan, S., Krishnamurthy, K., Rajeshkumar, G., et al. (2021). Dynamic mechanical properties and free vibration characteristics of surface modified jute fiber/nano-clay reinforced epoxy composites. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 29, 1076–1088.
 
[20] [20] Xu, Y., & Hoa, S. V. (2008). Mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy/clay nanocomposites. Composites Science and Technology, 68(3-4), 854-861.
  [21] Kaushik, Y., Sooriyaperakasam, N., Rathee, U., & Naik, N. (2023). A mini review of natural cellulosic fibers: Extraction, treatment and characterization methods. Journal of Computational Mechanics and Management, 2, 23057.
[22] Khandelwal, S., Han, G. H., Kim, S., & Rhee, K. Y. (2023). Effect of dehydroxylation/amorphization degree of bentonite on the microstructure, thermal stability, and mechanical strength of basalt epoxy composites. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 23, 3249-3256.
 [23] Hosseini, S. M., Abdouss, M., Mazinani, S., Soltanabadi, A., & Kalaee, M. R. (2022). Modified nanofiber containing chitosan and graphene oxide-magnetite nanoparticles as effective materials for smart wound dressing. Composites Part B: Engineering, 231, 109557.
 [24] Ahmad, S. M., & Shettar, M. (2024). Water-soaking effect and influence of nanoclay on mechanical properties of bamboo/glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites. Cogent Engineering, 11(1).
 [25] Muralishwara, K., Sudhakar, Y. N., Kini, U. A., et al. (2022). Moisture absorption and spectroscopic studies of epoxy clay nanocomposite. Polymer Bulletin, 79, 5587–5611.
 [26] Su, L., Fang, C., & Luo, H. (2024). Functionalized montmorillonite/epoxy resin nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties. RSC Advances, 14, 31251.
 [27] Shaheen, S., Saeed, Z., Ahmad, A., Pervaiz, M., Younas, U., Mahmood Khan, R. R., & Luque, R. (2023). Green synthesis of graphene-based metal nanocomposite for electro and photocatalytic activity: Recent advancement and future prospective. Chemosphere, 311, 136982.
 [28] Chee, S. S., Jawaid, M., Sultan, M. T. H., Alothman, O. Y., & Abdullah, L. C. (2020). Effects of nanoclay on physical and dimensional stability of Bamboo/Kenaf/nanoclay reinforced epoxy hybrid nanocomposites. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9(3), 5871–5880.
 [29] Dallaev, R., Pisarenko, T., Papež, N., Sadovský, P., & Holcman, V. (2023). A brief overview on epoxies in electronics: Properties, applications, and modifications. Polymers, 15(19), 4321.
 
[30] Surendran, A., Geethamma, V. G., Kalarikkal, N., & Thomas, S. (2019). Mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN)/organoclay nanocomposites. Macromolecular Symposia, 398(1), 2000184.
 [31] Drakopoulos, S. X., Loukelis, K., Triantafyllou-Rundell, M. E., et al. (2024). Epoxy/clay nanodielectrics: From relaxation dynamics to capacitive energy storage. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, 7, 118.
 [32] Khosravi, M., & Khosravi, M. (2023). Anti-corrosion/weathering properties of epoxy-siloxane structure via Cloisite 30B/polyaniline inclusion as new hybrid nanocomposite coatings. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 666, 131297.
 [33] Sharif, M., & Tavakoli, S. (2023). Biodegradable chitosan-graphene oxide as an effective green filler for improving properties in epoxy nanocomposites. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 233, 123550.
 [34] George, J. S., Vijayan, P. P., Ponçot, M., Paduvilan, J. K., & Thomas, S. (2024). Viscoelastic and rheokinetic behaviour of cellulose nanofiber/Cloisite 30B hybrid nanofiller reinforced epoxy nanocomposites. Chemical Engineering Journal, 498, 155170.
 [35] Ganjaee Sari, M., Ramezanzadeh, B., & Pakdel, A. S. (2016). A physico-mechanical investigation of a novel hyperbranched polymer-modified clay/epoxy nanocomposite coating. Progress in Organic Coatings, 99, 1.
 [36] Rudawska, A. (2024). The effects of temperature on mechanical properties of neat and montmorillonite reinforced epoxy compounds. The Journal of Adhesion, 101(1), 265–298.
 [37] Ganvir, V. Y., & Ganvir, H. V. (2025). Moisture absorption behavior of epoxy-kenaf composites enhanced with surface-modified nano-clay. Interactions, 246, 3,42-55.
 [38] Al-kawaz, A. E., Al-Mutairi, N. H., & Alobad, Z. K. M. (2024). Tribological behavior of epoxy/nano-clay nanocomposites used as a floor coating. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 38(23), 4299–4315.
 [39] Shahrajabian, H., & Vaezzadeh, H. (2024). The nano-clay effect on the improvement of the thermal, flammability, and mechanical behavior of epoxy/glass fiber/ATH hybrid composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 58(23), 2545-2554.
 [40] Zaccone, M., Kociolek, I., Frache, A., Bellini, C., Di Cocco, V., & Monti, M. (2023). Abrasion resistance of a carbon fiber reinforced composite based on a nanoclay epoxy nanocomposite matrix. Polymer Composite, 45(4), 2919-2926.
 
[41] Kangishwar, S., Radhika, N., Sheik, A. A., Chavali, A., & Hariharan, S. (2023). A comprehensive review on polymer matrix composites: Material selection, fabrication, and application. Polymer Bulletin., 80, 47–87.
 
[42] Chandraraj, S. S., & Xavier, J. R. (2023). CuO-anchored graphene oxide for enhancing mechanical and anticorrosion properties of epoxy coatings in cooling water systems. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 305, 127953.
[43] Fan, H., Yang, L., Zhang, D., Wu, H., Yang, Y., Wei, Z., Huang, X., Wang, Y., & Liu, S. (2024). Enhancing epoxy coating corrosion resistance with a novel MoS₂-modified polydopamine functionalized graphene oxide nanocomposite. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 683, 133080.
[44] Du, B., Chen, N., Zhang, G., Chen, Y., Gao, B., Liu, L., & Zhao, Y. (2024). Enhanced ultraviolet aging resistance of epoxy resins through surface enrichment achieved by fluorinated graphene oxide@CeO₂. Composites Science and Technology, 253, 110655.
[45] Pramodkumar, B., & Budhe, S. (2024). The effect of graphene oxide on thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of carbon/epoxy composites: Towards multifunctional composite material. Journal Name, 45(7), 6374–6384.
[46] Wan, H., Cheng, Z. L., Song, D., & Chen, C. (2024). Preparation and performance study of waterborne epoxy resin/non-covalent modified graphene oxide hydrogen barrier coatings. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 53, 218–228.
[47] George, J. S., Vijayan, P., Ponçot, M., Vahabi, H., Maria, H. J., & Thomas, S. (2024). Insights into the synergistic effect of graphene oxide/silica hybrid nanofiller for advancing the properties of epoxy resin. ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 6(10), 5932–5944.
[48] Zhan, Y., Chen, Y., Dong, H., Li, Y., Sun, A., Chen, X., Yang, X., Zhu, F., & Jia, H. (2024). In situ growth of flower-like ZnO onto graphene oxide for the synergistically enhanced anti-corrosion ability of epoxy coating. Ceramics International, 50(4), 5914–5926.
[49] Amanian, S., Tafreshi Nejad, S. A., Amoozadeh, S., Ramezanzadeh, B., Haddadi, S. A., Etezad, S. M., Nahavandi, A. M., & Mahdavian, M. (2024). Corrosion protective and antibacterial epoxy coating via benzyldisulfide‑sulfur-doped graphene oxide with machine-learning simulation support. Progress in Organic Coatings, 194, 108604.
[50] Shi, G., Song, J., Tian, X., Liu, T., & Wu, Z. (2024). High-performance epoxy nanocomposites via constructing a rigid-flexible interface with graphene oxide functionalized by polyetheramine and f-SiO₂. Carbon, 216, 118591.
[51] Mirzapour, M., Robert, M., & Benmokrane, B. (2024). In situ processing to achieve high-performance epoxy nanocomposites with low graphene oxide loading. C, 10, 52.
[52] Kanwal, R., Maqsood, M. F., Raza, M. A., Inam, A., Waris, M., Rehman, Z. U., Mehdi, S. M. Z., Abbas, N., & Lee, N. (2024). Polypyrrole coated carbon fiber/magnetite/graphene oxide reinforced hybrid epoxy composites for high strength and electromagnetic interference shielding. Materials Today Communications, 38, 107684.
[53] Garg, A., Basu, S., Mehta, R., & Mahajan, R. L. (2023). Enhancing the mechanical performance of E-glass fiber epoxy composites using coal-derived graphene oxide. Polymer Composites, 45(3), 2444–2461.
[54] Xue, G., Xing, J., Sun, M., Zhang, X., Liu, C., Xue, S., Yuan, Z., & Zhang, B. (2024). In situ exfoliation and surface functionalization of graphene oxide for epoxy composites with improved thermal and mechanical properties. Polymer Composites, 45(2), 1826–1838.
[55] Hu, P., Alizadeh, A., Jasim, D. J., Nasajpour-Esfahani, N., Shamsborhan, M., & Sabetvand, R. (2024). The effect of graphene oxide nanosheet size and initial temperature on the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/graphene oxide structure using molecular dynamics simulation. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 184, 111713.
دوره 29، شماره 118
تابستان 1404
صفحه 70-86

  • تاریخ دریافت 18 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 12 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 15 آبان 1404